Employment division v. Smith, 494 U.S 872 - 1609 Words

Employment Division v. Smith, 494 U.S. 872 (1990) A rehabilitation clinic dismissed two drug rehabilitation counselors for using peyote in a religious ceremony. The two counselors, including Smith, sought unemployment benefits. Possessing peyote is a criminal offense in the State of Oregon. The rehabilitation clinic denied the counselors unemployment on grounds of misconduct. Smith filed suit again the clinic. The Oregon Supreme Court overruled the rehabilitation clinic’s verdict. The court stated that Smith’s religious use of peyote was protected under the First Amendments freedom of religion. The Employment Division, Department of Resources appealed the case to the United States Supreme Court on the grounds that possession and†¦show more content†¦The rehabilitation clinic employees were dismissed from their jobs and employment benefits were denied because Oregon’s legislature bans consumption and possession of illegal substances. In addition, the laws do not target a specific religious group; th erefore, the law is generally applicable and neutral. Justices O’Connor concurred in the judgment; however, she did not completely agree with the majorities reasoning. She believed it was ill-advised to not use the Sherbert Standard to evaluate the case. The Sherbert test includes a set of criteria to determine if the individual’s freedoms of religion rights have been violated by the government. However; based on the Sherbert standard, Oregon had the right to refuse to grant an exemption to the law because of the compelling interest in prohibiting illegal drug use. She expressed the view, laws that prohibit or interferes with a person’s religious worship is a violation of the free exercise of religion. Due to the majorities’ opinions, this case essentially invalidated the Sherbert test. Justices Blackman, Brenna, and Marshall dissented and expressed the view that according to the Sherbert standard, Oregon should have made an exemption for the religious use of peyote as not to obstruct the counselors’ right to the free exercise ofShow MoreRelatedIs Peyote A Spirit, And A Gift From God Who They Call The Great Spirit?1396 Words   |  6 Pagesuse. The magician was said to be happy to try anything at least once. He included peyote in his arsenal of drugs. Some people believe that Crowley s religious philosophy of Thelema was inspired while he was using peyote. Legal Laws Peyote in the U.S in considered being a schedule 1 drug. The DEA puts it on the list with other drugs such as Heroin, LSD, MDMA, Bath salts, and to my surprise marijuana. These drugs are classified as highly addictive, and have no currently accepted medical treatmentRead MoreThe Right Of Free Speech And Freedom Of Press1363 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Amendment is thought to be a highly controversial amendment for many reasons, such as one’s religion affecting their work performance or even affecting the education provided to our youth. An example of this is from the court case of ‘Sherbert v. Verner (1963)’ where Adell Sherbert was fired from her job as a textile-mill operator because she refused to work on Saturdays due to God forbidding work on a Saturday. Luckily, the Supreme Court ruled that this was an unconstitutional burden on herRead MoreHofstede’s Limitations14637 Words   |  59 Pagesor „Generation X.‟ As long as historical even ts occur, cohorts should be regularly produced, with approximately 28 of them created in America since the 1700s. Further compounding the matter, cultural change appears to occur within cohorts as well. Smith (2000) summarized 153 attitudes and values from 1973 to 1997 using the General Social Surveys from the National Research Center. For topics ranging from social welfare to sexual permissiveness, the general rule was change along with a diminishing generationRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagessingles charts. Large supermarket chain Asda was distributing the Ministry’s albums to shoppers around the UK. The Ministry’s distinctive logo had become the basis for a large merchandising business, mostly for clothing. By 2001, the Ministry’s touring division was hosting 300 events worldwide, including China and India, and had regular summer 2 3 The Ministry of Sound was aiming for a stock market listing within a couple of years. Then things started to go wrong. The dance music on which the MinistryRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesnonstatisticians. A subsection entitled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds students of things that must be considered in order to ensure that statistical methods are used in reasonable and appropriate ways. The time-series plot shown in Figure 3.34 appears on the U.S. Census Bureau web site. It shows the average earnings of workers by educational level as a proportion of the average earnings of a high school graduate over time. For example, we can see from this plot that in 1993 the average earnings for people withRead MoreIntroduction to Materials Management169665 Words   |  679 Pagesoperations planning and control systems relate to just-in-time and lean production. Chapter 16 examines the elements of total quality management and Six Sigma quality approaches. From the Library of Girro From the Library of Girro@qq.com Preface v ONLINE INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES To access supplementary materials online, instructors need to request an instructor access code. Go to www.prenhall.com, click the Instructor Resource Center link, and then click Register Today for an instructor access

Functionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay - 1530 Words

FUNCTIONALISM Functionalism is a theory that aspect stresses the crucial stability and participation within modern society. The social events are clarified by reference to the functions that achieves in allowing constancy within society. The society is related to biological organism in that the whole is seen to be made up of interdependent and unified parts, this assimilation is the result of a general agreement on core values and norms. Over the process of socialisation, we can learn these rules of society, which are transformed into roles. Therefore, agreement is seemingly achieved over the organising of human behaviour. The functionalism is an: †¢ The functionalism is an education helps the needs of industrial society by an advanced separation labour. †¢ Education helps the needs of the social system by partying pupils to communal values, norms and beliefs. This leads to great social solidarity. †¢ The education means those who have skill that can move up the social classes, such as meritocracy. †¢ The education explains social dissimilarity; those in the best roles are there because they justify being due to their hard work and ability. MARXSIM Marxism is a system of economic, social, and political attitude based on the thoughts that view social change in terms of economic factors. An essential principle is that the means of production is the economic base that effects or controls the political life. In the modern capitalist societies, the relations of manufactures lead toShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society983 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough functionalism is the more popular perspective, it is not flawless. There are conflicts of interest about the relations between the school and society. The main problem with functionalism is that it tends to emphasize the social needs of society over the individual’s need. Robert Merton, a critic of functionalism comments that â€Å"because many functionalisms have assumed that every social practice and institution must be understood in terms of its adaptive function for the society as a wholeRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Society1119 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper I will explain and argue for Functionalism. Functionalism allows for a scientific approach to the mind-body problem, while maintaining the integrity of mental and physical states and attributing them to the functional roles they play within the bodily system. The main argument for Functionalism is founded on the basis that it fulfills all of the requirements for an effective form of Physicalism. 1. In order for a physicalist argument to be effective: it must account for mentalRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Its Impact On Society Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesStructural functionalism â€Å"is a macro-level theory that views a society as a complete unit† (Grand Canyon). Structural functionalism shows how society works together. It also brings out the individual roles, stricter and functions that people in society have. In our book figure 2.1 displays a few examples. It has politics listed as the structure and their function is to maintain order and control. The world works with this theory because you need the ones in the structural positions to be able toRead MoreSociological Theories and Family Essay examples1662 Words   |  7 Pagestheories are important in understanding how the society operates. In addition, the theories help one understand how people in society relate with each other. The theories have helped understand various social issues in the society and made it easy to develop solutions to the problems. There are different theories that are used to explain how the society operates and how people interact with each other. Examples of the theories include functionalism theories and conflict theory, and interactionismRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Life Chances Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesTask 1 This essay is based on two main sociological perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism. It will evaluate the view that differences in the life chances between social groups which are dependent on various social factors affecting the society and individuals. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast these two sociological perspectives. Life chances can have a positive or negative effect on individual’s lifetime in terms of their education, health, employment, income and housing. TheyRead MoreThe Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, And Conflict Theory1040 Words   |  5 Pageson how the individual interacts with others, and how others influence the individual behaviors that impact society in a micro or macro way. The second theoretical framework is the conflict theory, it examines the rift between the rich and the poor and how it affects the quality of education, health care, and living condition of said group. Thirdly, the functionalist theory, which compares society to a system of interrelated parts, it’s a social system not just an individual. Each frame work playsRead MoreFunctionalism Vs. Conflict Theory1349 Words   |  6 PagesFunctionalism vs. Conflict Theory There are four known sociological theories and or theoretical perspective, and they are structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and feminism. These theories explain various aspects of social life through different perspective (OpenStax College 17). Some of the theories might view social life in a micro perspective, macro perspective or even both and each view might be completely opposing to each other, but it also has its pros and consRead MoreDiscuss the Structural (Ist) Functionalist Perspective in Sociology. (Your Answer Should Focus on the Strengths and Weaknesses of Functionalist and Marxist Perspectives)1206 Words   |  5 Pagesimmensely to the structure of society and the understanding of human behaviour in society. It is a based on an analogy between social systems and organic systems and has identified numerous ways which state why social institutions are so important to maintaining order and equilibrium in society. Marxism has also made a val uable impact on the study sociology by emphasising on the nature of conflict present in society and the subsequent impact on individuals. Functionalism, also known as the consensusRead MoreCompare and Contrast of 3 Sociology Theories1162 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society. Through the centuries, sociologists have tried to provide an explanation as to why and how humans interact with each other on a social basis. Sociologists have divided sociology into two levels, microsociology and macrosociology (Sociology). The level of microsociology studies is on a smaller perspective, as macrosociology is the study of society on a larger analysis. Today, sociology has three major theories: symbolic interactionism, functionalism and conflict. â€Å"SymbolicRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of An Individual And Their Own Behaviour And The Society1126 Words   |  5 PagesIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES   Sociology studies the lives of an individual and their own behaviour and the society they live in (A. Giddens 2006). There are theoretical perspectives used so that one understands an individual behaviour and the society they live in. The sociological perspectives study each behaviour and how it is linked to the whole society or how the society influence the individual rather. The society is a diverse body and different perspectives is used to understand how they are linked and functioned

Forest Policy In Malaysia Essay Example For Students

Forest Policy In Malaysia Essay Malaysia is among the countries in Southeast Asia which has experienced remarkable economic growth and industrialization in the past decade. It is unique in that its success is not a result of adopting any one model for development. Rather, Malaysias government identified its goals and sought to create a country-specific model of development suited to their needs for growth. An example of this is the Malaysian governments increase in exports of manufactured goods rather than concentrating on natural resource commodities as suggested by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. (pg.6 , HBS)Unlike its neighbor Singapore, Malaysia is blessed with an abundance of natural resources. Although its exports of natural resource commodities have declined in recent years in favor of manufactured goods (pg. 6 , HBS), Malaysias natural resource industry remains an important part of the countrys economic and political agenda. Malaysias Forest Products IndustryIt is difficult to ignore the fact that 60% of Malaysia is covered with natural forest and that timber generates more foreign exchange than any other natural resource in Malaysia. The Malaysian government recognized the economic potential of the forest product industry early in the decade and proceeded to play a key role in further developing and promoting this particular sector of its economy through a concessions system and the encouragement of downstream industries. The Concession System granted logging rights to private parties in exchange for royalties paid to the Malaysian government (pg. 11, HBS). Granting logging concessions to private parties also allowed Malaysias government to generate interest in the forest products industry while maintaining a degree of control over the areas and particular use the timber could be logged for. This system did not prove to be very effective in the hands of private interest groups in search of increased profits. With only 1,600 employees to patrol the undeveloped forest areas, the Sarawak Forest Department found it difficult to prevent illegal logging (pg. 12, HBS). Protection of domestic markets from foreign competition is a common practice among industrializing countries. In the case of Malaysias forest products industry, the government encouraged local production of lumber, furniture, and other wood products through the restriction of exporting unprocessed logs. This was known as downstream industries. The encouragement of downstream industries was another important agenda for the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, a government branch for the overseeing of Malaysias forest products industry. The idea that the forests could be used as a springboard for downstream integration, or ?resource based industrialization appealed to many Malaysian officials. (pg. 13, HBS) To these officials, downstream integration allowed for the employment of a large percentage of the market labor force as well as a decrease in the amount of timber needed to produce jobs and export revenues. (pg. 13, HBS) To further encourage downstream int!egration, the Mala ysian government granted tax breaks, subsidies, and other incentives to domestic manufacturers. The ProblemDeveloping industries which deal with the production of natural resource products are very likely to be placed in the international spotlight by drawing criticism from environmental groups around the world. Such is the case for the Malaysian government as explained in the Harvard Business School case study in which Malaysian prime minister Mahathir bin Mohamad was faced with media scrutiny regarding his countrys forest product industry during a visit to the United States. Being a country that is heavily dependent on foreign investment for its economic growth, Malaysia could not afford to simply ignore the criticism its country receives from westerners whose investments they are attempting to attract into the country. The problem lies in differing views on the side of western environmentalists and the Malaysian government. .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .postImageUrl , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:hover , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:visited , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:active { border:0!important; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:active , .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uae3c93e5dbf4e50840639356c50afdda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ethics In Physical Therapy EssayWestern CriticsAlthough Malaysia contains only 2 3% of the worlds tropical forests (pg.3, HBS), the biological potentials and environment potentials found in its rainforests are a cause for concern among western environmentalists. These environmentalists are quick to point out that often times, the welfare of the environment is far from the minds of those governing a newly industrializing country seeking to capitalize on its possession of valuable natural resources. According to the London Rainforest Movement and the Singaporean and Malaysian British Association, the rapid destruction of the Sarawak rainforest means that a hugely rich natural laboratory with vast potential for the health of humankind will be destroyed FOR EVER. (pg. 3, HBS) Where an environmentalist may see the medical and environmental values of a living forest, the Malaysian government sees a commodity perfect for foreign exchange and economic growth. The environmentalists also accuse the Malaysian government of condoning acts such as forest mining (pg. 3, HBS) in which the amounts of timber harvested exceed the growth of the remaining timber, and interference in the rights of indigenous people living within the forests. According to western critics, the most effective way of creating change in Malaysias forest products industry would be to initiate a worldwide boycott of Malaysian wood products to which the Malaysian government strongly opposed. The Malaysian GovernmentDespite the accusations from western environmentalists and critics of exploitation of Malaysias rainforests, the countrys government insists they have taken significant steps in ensuring the long term preservation of the forests through new techniques, research and development, and the establishment of special committees and task forces. According to the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysia is currently exploring alternatives to conventional logging techniques such as helicopter logging. The advantage of this method of logging is a reduction in forest disturbance because the need to construct roads is minimized. This system would also minimize soil erosion which leads to flooding. The Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) was established to develop guidelines for forestry management and biodiversity conservation. The National Forestry Policy 1978 (revised 1992) was established to conserve and manage the forest through sustainable management and maintain its important roles in the national economy and preservation of environmental stability (WWW). This document details specific strategies the Malaysian government seeks to achieve in protecting its rainforests. However, western environmentalists question the effectiveness of such a well intentioned document without the proper resources to enforce them with. Possible SolutionsIt is difficult to adopt and enforce policies restricting Malaysias use of its resources because of its importance of sustaining economic growth and development as a newly industrializing country. From reading the case study and researching current information regarding Malaysias forest policy on the World Wide Web, there is no doubt that the Malaysian government is aware of the international concern of its forest products industry. In recent years, the Malaysian government has sought to diversify its industries. The success of Malaysias forest conservation policies greatly depends on its ability to succeed in increasing exports of various manufactured goods as well as attracting greater foreign investment. In the meantime, there are several possibilities the Malaysian government can explore in convincing the international community that its efforts in forestry are sincere. In terms of the concession system in the logging industry, one possibility would be to make it more difficult for private parties to obtain logging concessions by having the Malaysian government demand higher royalties in return. The increase in revenue can then be redirected to aid efforts in policing the rainforest in order to prevent illegal logging practices. A first step for both the Malaysian government and western environmentalists would be to hold a forum to discuss relevant issues of concern with one another rather than relay disagreements and criticisms through the international media. By holding a forum involving both representatives from the Malaysian government and various environmental groups, the international spotlight is briefly taken off the accusations which would then allow for free discussions towards a solution both sides are satisfied with. .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .postImageUrl , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:hover , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:visited , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:active { border:0!important; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:active , .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufa1f59bbd258df16279a545d961a236a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare And Contrast Of Mr. Perry And Mr. Keating Essay

The Pursuit of Happyness Portraying Father/Son Attachment Essay Example For Students

The Pursuit of Happyness Portraying Father/Son Attachment Essay â€Å"Do you trust me? † That is the multi-dimensional question that Chris Gardner asks his son, Christopher, throughout the movie The Pursuit of Happyness. It is a question that is used as a tool for reinforcement, as a pacifying effect, and as a probe for attachment theorists to examine the depth of the father/son relationship. In response to our assignment to identify the type of attachment between Chris and his son, our group identified patterns that matched well with multiple theories. Our text identifies Erik Erikson, John Bowlby, and Mary Ainsworth as very influential persons in defining attachment (Santrock p 366). In correlation to the movie, Erikson’s theory of eight stages of development can be applied with an emphasis on the initiative vs. guilt phase. John Bowlby is credited for origination works on the Attachment Theory. The fourth phase of his conceptualization of attachment can certainly be related to the movie. Our group also tagged the work of Mary Ainsworth and her Strange Situation measurement device. We concluded that Christopher fit the description of a securely attached baby very well. According to Erik Erikson’s view of a child’s development, physical comfort and sensitive care are vital to establishing a basic trust in infants. In turn, this sense of trust is the foundation for attachment and sets the stage for a lifelong expectation that the world will be a good and pleasant place to be (Santrock p 366). This trust coupled with Christopher’s age act as a buffer against all of the harsh realities that Chris must cope with. Christopher’s age places him in Erikson’s initiative versus guilt stage. During this stage, children are expected to take initiative in creating play situations that can help cope with challenges (Harder 2002). An excellent example of Christopher in this stage is when the two of them were in the subway station the first night after getting kicked out of the motel. Chris tells his son that the scanner really is a time machine and pretends that they are transported back in time. Christopher uses his imagination and play skills to pretend that they are really hiding from dinosaurs in a cave rather than sleeping in a public restroom in the subway. Christopher also shows initiative when, later in the movie, he suggests to his dad that they can sleep in the cave again if they have to. John Bowlby is credited with the origins of the Attachment Theory, taking an ethological perspective in which much of his work is still highly regarded. There are four phases of his Attachment theory. In the first phase the child is oriented toward all human stimuli, the second phase is differentiating between stimuli and the third phase is proximity seeking. In the fourth phase, the child adjusts to keep proximity with the caregiver in order to cope with his environment (Walters p 145). While Chris continues to ask his son this question in moments of adversity, he does so more as a reassurance to his son that things will be OK. He also uses the question as a calming mechanism for his son. One such example is when they were first admitted to the homeless shelter and Chris needed to work on the broken bone density scanner. As Christopher lay in the bunk bed, Chris inched his way out of the room to work on the scanner asking â€Å"Can you hear me? † which triggered an emotional response from his son. Chris responded by asking him â€Å"Do you trust me? , which calmed Christopher down. Strange Situation is used as a popular measurement device of infant attachment created by Mary Ainsworth. Ainsworth classified children in three different categories of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment (A fourth attachment category was later added by other researchers, (Van Wagner 2009). The closeness and bond between the two meet the characteristics of a securely attached relationship. Chris did not meet his father until late in life and did not have an attachment to his father like the attachment he made with his son. .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .postImageUrl , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:hover , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:visited , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:active { border:0!important; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:active , .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8 .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f858cacfd8ecfd9af5db564f583a2f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Moscow On The Hudson EssayChris â€Å"made up (his) mind as a young kid that when (he) had children they were going to know who their father is and that he isnt going anywhere (Gardner, n. d. ). This was the basis in which the development of the secure attachment is formed. The strong relationship was a result of the quality time they spent together. Chris played basketball with his son before going to an appointment, had insightful conversations, taught him things like how to spell happiness or the meaning of possibly, and showed love and affection with hugs and caress. An individual characteristic of secure attachment is the child’s tendency to seek out their parents for comfort when they are scared (Van Wagner 2009). When Christopher was scared and did not know where they were going next, Chris comforted his son and made sure his son had something to eat and somewhere to sleep. Another characteristic of a secure attachment is that children do not experience significant distress when separated from caregivers (Van Wagner 2009). Though Christopher would spend long days in child care, the secure attachment was apparent like through the emotion of happiness when reunited after school. Temperament has a great effect on the relationship among poverty, stress, and attachment. A study done by Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas identified three basic types of temperament. In the analysis, it was found that one type of temperament, an ‘easy child’, is described as â€Å"generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences† (Santrock, 2008, p. 59). In the movie, Christopher certainly portrays an easy child. Through all the hardships the family encountered, Christopher remained optimistic. He understood that he and his father did not have much money. With the odds against them, the connection between Chris and Christopher proved that the quality of time together contributed to the success of their relationship. When they moved from their home to a motel, to a bathroom at the metro station, to a shelter, Christopher adapted with little complaints. Christopher’s easy temperament made situations less difficult. According to some research, children who spent many hours in center-based care and in poor-quality child care centers showed more stress and were linked to more problems such as anxiety and aggressive behavior (Santrock, 2008, p. 371-372). Christopher, however, was not affected. The daycare seemed to be a stable part of Christopher’s life, depicting a routine. What little stress we see from Christopher, like realizing that they have to move from the motel, does not show any effect on his relationship with his father. Again, it only proved the feat of their companionship. The Pursuit of Happyness is a wonderful portrayal of perseverance, love, and trust. Trust is the foundation of any relationship whether it is a husband-wife, girlfriend-boyfriend, BFF’s (best-friends-forever), or father-son. With the relationship of Chris and Christopher, we witnessed a secure relationship-attached in such a way that the father-son bond was unbreakable even in times of severe adversity. We analyzed a relationship where the answer to the question, â€Å"Do you trust me? † is a resounding â€Å"Yes! † Bibliography: Black, T., Blumenthal, J., Tisch, S., Lassiter, J., Smith, W. (Producers), Muccino, G. (Director). (2006). The Pursuit of Happyness . United States: Columbia Pictures. Gardner, C. (n.d.). Christopher Gardner. Retrieved February 24, 2009, from Website: http://www.chrisgardnermedia.com/main/biography.htm Harder, Arlene F. (2002) The Developmental Stages of Erickson Retrieved February 22, 2009 from http://www.learningplaceonline.com/stages/organize/Erikson.htm Santrock, J. W. (2008). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. NewYork: McGraw-Hill. Van Wagner, Linda (2009) Attachment Styles Retrieved February 22, 2009 from http://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/ss/attachmentstyle.htm Walters, Glenn D. (2000) Beyond Behavior: Construction of an Overarching Psychological Theory of Lifestyles London: Greenwood Publishing